一、基本概况
课程名称：植保专业英语(Professional English for Plant Protection)
课程代码：231080038
课程类别：拓展教育
学时/学分：34/2（理论34学时，实验0学时）
需预修课程：普通昆虫学、植物病理学、植物化学保护
适用专业：适用植物保护、动植物检疫专业的本科教学
课程简介：
本门课程主要侧重介绍植物保护的基础知识，包括植物病原真菌、细菌、线虫、病毒以；昆虫的种类和形态、繁殖方式和传播方式、危害特点、防治方法；农药毒理、农药残留、环境安全与人类健康。本课程旨在使植物保护专业学生能够熟练阅读和理解专业英文文献、资料和书籍，以掌握国外本专业领域的发展前沿，并具备应用英语从事科研活动及进行科技交流的能力。
二、教学目标
学生通过本课程的学习，在知识和能力等方面达到以下要求：
1.理论、知识目标：通过英语讲授及幻灯教学相结合的方法，要求学生掌握植物病理学、昆虫学、农药学、杂草控制、综合防治等植物保护方面专业英语词汇、句法、修辞、特点；
2.能力目标：培养学生专业英语翻译能力、阅读理解文献能力、科技英文写作能力、科技英文交流能力以及科技英文文献检索能力。
3.达成目标：本课程主要与专业人才培养方案中毕业要求的第8条相对应，本课程对应人才培养方案中毕业要求的专业知识、专业技能、协作能力和创新性思维，全面培养植物保护专业学生专业英语的听、说、读、写、译等各方面能力
三、教学内容及教学要求
第一章专业英语概述（讲课1学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1. 词汇：构词方式多样，专业技术词汇出现频率低、词义专一，多源于希腊语和拉丁语，涉及领域广；
2. 句法特点：被动语态广泛使用，长句较多，大量使用名词化结构和非谓语动词形式；
3. 修辞：时态应用有限，修辞手法比较简单，普遍使用逻辑性语法词。
教学要求：
掌握专业英语词汇、句法、修辞的原则和规律。
本章重点、难点：专业词汇构词的派生法、合成法、混成法、缩略法；专业词汇的出现频率低、词义专一；植物保护专业英语涉及化学、物理、遗传学、分子生物学等学科知识和科技词汇；被动语态、长句及名词化结构非谓语动词形式的应用。
第二章 专业英语翻译（讲课1学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1. 翻译标准：信，达，雅；
2. 词语翻译：词义的选择，词义的引申与增减；
3. 句子的翻译：被动语态的翻译，否定句的翻译，长句的翻译。
教学要求：
掌握专业英语的翻译标准，熟练应用词语翻译方法，熟练应用句子不同情况的翻译方法。
本章重点、难点：词义翻译的选择、引申与增减；被动语态句子译成主动句、译成无主句、译成被动句；否定句中的全部否定、部分否定和双重否定；长句翻译的主从句区分。
第三章 Plant Disease and Plant Disease Epidemiology（讲课1学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1. Introduction;
2. Plant Pathology;
3. Plant pathology is an integrative science and profession.
教学要求：
掌握专业英语的翻译标准，熟练应用词语翻译方法，熟练应用句子不同情况的翻译方法。
本章重点、难点：词义翻译的选择、引申与增减；被动语态句子译成主动句、译成无主句、译成被动句；否定句中的全部否定、部分否定和双重否定；长句翻译的主从句区分。
第四章 Classification of Plant Diseases（讲课2学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1. Infectious, or biotic, plant diseases;
(1) Diseases caused by fungi;
(2) Diseases caused by prokaryotes (bacteria and mycoplasmas);
(3) Diseases caused by parasitic higher plants;
(4) Diseases caused by viruses and viroids;
(5) Diseases caused by nematodes;
(6) Diseases caused by protozoa;
2. Noninfectious, or abiotic, diseases are diseases caused by:
(1) Too low or too high a temperature;
(2) Lack or excess of soil moisture;
(3) Lack or excess of light;
(4) Lack of oxygen;
(5) Air pollution;
(6) Nutrient deficiencies;
(7) Mineral toxicities;
(8) Soil acidity or alkalinity;
(9) Toxicity of pesticides;
(10) Improper cultural.
教学要求：
1. Infectious, or biotic, plant diseases;
2. Noninfectious, or abiotic, diseases.
本章重点、难点：
1. What are the infectious disease?
2. What are the noninfectious disease?
第五章 Plant Diseases Caused by Fungi（讲课1学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1. Fungal morphology;
2. Fungal definition;
3. Reproduction(sexual and asexual reproduction);
4. Homothallic, heterothallic ,hermaphroditic fungi;
5. Deuteromycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, zygomycetes, mastigomycetes.
教学要求：
1. Fungal definition;
2. Reproduction (sexual and asexual reproduction);
3. Homothallic, heterothallic, hermaphroditic fungi;
4. Deuteromycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, zygomycetes, mastigomycetes.
本章重点、难点：
1. Fungal definition;
2. Reproduction (sexual and asexual reproduction);
3. Homothallic, heterothallic, hermaphroditic fungi.
第六章 Plant Diseases Caused by Prokaryotes（讲课1学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1. Introduction to prokaryotes;
2. Classification of prokaryotes;
3. Kingdom: Prokaryote: Organisms with genetic material (DNA) not organized into a nucleus, i.e., not surrounded by a membrane. Bacteria: Have cell membrane and cell wall.PartI: Gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci.PartII: Gram-negative facultative anaerobic rods.PartIII: Irregular, Gram-positive, nonsporingrods.PartIV: Actinomycetes: Bacteria forming branching filaments.PartV: Mollicutes: Prokaryotes that have a cell membrane but no cell wall.
4. Plant diseases caused by bacteria;
5. Morphology;
6. Plant diseases caused by mycoplamalike organisms.
教学要求：
1. Mycoplasmalike organisms(MLO), rickettsialike organisms, spiroplasma;
2. Morphology of prokaryotes;
3. Diseases caused by prokaryotes;
4. Classification of prokaryotes.
本章重点、难点：
1. How many genera is prokaryotes classified?
2. Can prokaryotes be cultured?
第七章 Plant Diseases Caused by Viruses（讲课1学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1. Introduction to viruses;
2. Constituents of virus;
3. Disrupting action of virus to host cell;
4. Characteristics of plant viruses;
5. Detection;
6. Satellite viruses, viroids, virusoids, and satellite RNAs;
7. Specific crop diseases by viruses.
教学要求：
1. Morphology of virus;
2. Multiplication;
3. Classification;
4. Detection;
本章重点、难点：
1. What shape does virus show?
2. How does virus multiply?
3. How are viruses classified?
第八章 Plant Diseases Caused by Nematodes（讲课1学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1. Introduction;
2. Morphology;
3. Anatomy;
4. Life cycles;
5. Ecology and spread.
教学要求：
1. Esophagus, intestine, rectum, anus, stylet，oviduct, uterus, vulva, testis, seminal vesicle,intestine. copulatory spicules, hermaphroditic, or parthenogenetic.
2. All nematodes have four larval stages.
3. Family Aphelenchoididae, Bursaphelenchus, Rhadinaphelenchus, root-knot nematodes: Meloidogyne.
本章重点、难点：
1. What stage does the nematode begin to penetrate plant?
2. What characteristics do Bursaphelenchus, Rhadinaphelenchus and Meloidogyne have?
第九章 Plant Disease Diagnosis - Final Diagnosis（讲课1学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1. Plant disease diagnosis;
(1) Be able to identify a disease and disease-causing agent;
(2) Be able to narrow the problem down to several possibilities that will require further study in the laboratory before he can make a final diagnosis;
(3) Be completely baffled by the problem.
2. Final diagnosis;
(1) Hypothesis and multiple iteration;
(2) Fungal leaf spots;
(3) Bacterial leaf spots;
(4) Vein banding;
(5) Mosaic and ringspot;
(6) Leaf distortion;
(7) Powdery mildew;
(8) Presence of spores/spore structures;
(9) Leaf or needle tip death;
(10) Soil or chemical injury;
(11) Wilts;
(12) Shoot dieback（顶枯） or blights;
(13) Dying branches of trees and shrubs;
(14) Death of tree and shrub top;
(15) Overall stunting or decline;
(16) Damping-off.
教学要求：
Hypothesis, iteration, symptom(general and special), sign(pathogenic structure).
本章重点、难点：
1. How do you diagnose plant diseases?
2. Illustrate the difference between infectious and uninfectious diseases.
第十章 Rice Blast & Wheat Rusts & Cotton Verticillium Wilt& Potato Virus Disease（讲课4学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1. Introduction;
2. Signs and Symptoms;
3. Pathogen;
4. Host range;
5. Mechanism of Damage and Life Cycle.
教学要求：
1. Signs and Symptoms;
2. Pathogen: Classification, Genome Sequence, Database;
3. Mechanism of Damage and Life Cycle.
本章重点、难点：
1.单词与词组；
2. What are the life cycle of the pathogen?
第十一章 Introduction of Special English for Entomology（讲课2学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1.Definition of the insecta (hexapoda);
2. Insect and Man.
教学要求：
1. Thecharacteristics of arthropods;
2. The relationship between insect and man.
本章重点、难点：
Insect Stucture.
第十二章 Taxonomy of Insects（讲课2学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1. Nomnclature.
2. Classification.
教学要求：
Nomnclature of insects, classification of animals.
本章重点、难点：
Classification of animals
第十三章 Structure of Insect（讲课2学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1. Head;
2. Thorax and associated structure;
3. Abdomen and Associated structures;
4. The Integument;
教学要求：
Head;Thorax and Associated Structure ;Abdomen and Associated Structures;The Integument.
本章重点、难点：
Mouthparts modifications.
第十四章 Insect Growth（讲课1学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1. Maturation and oviposition;
2. Postembryonic development.
教学要求：
1. Oviposition is an extremely important phase in an insect's life history;
2. The external appearance of insect eggs is extremely diverse;
3. The number of eggs produced by females of different species is extremely variable.
本章重点、难点：
Classification of insects.
第十五章 Insectand Their Environment（讲课1学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1.Definition;
2. Species diversity and numerical abundance of insects;
3. Environmental Conditions;
4. Environmental Conditions in a Crop Field.
教学要求：
1. Definition of ecology;
2. Physicochemical factors;
3. Biotic factors;
4. Food factors;
5. Intraspecific factors;
6. Interspecific factors;
7. Life processes of insects.
本章重点难点：
Exercise 5:Insect pests management.
第十六章 Pest Management（讲课2学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1. Introduction;
2. Bological control;
3. Cultural control;
4. Chemical control;
5. Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
教学要求：
1. Entry into previously uninhabited regions;
2. Changes in and insect are biology;
3. Extensive monocultures of crop plants;
4. Advantages of biological control;
5. Problems of biological control.
本章重点难点：
Exercise 6:The Strategy of insect Pest Management.
第十七章 Chemical Pesticides and Natural Pesticides（讲课2学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1. Chemistry of pesticides;
2. Chemical classes of insecticides;
3. Bio-pesticides;
4. Botanical pesticides.
教学要求：
1. Bio-pesticides
2. Botanical pesticides
本章重点、难点：
1. Natural pesticides; Bio-pesticides.
第十八章 Toxicology of Pesticide （讲课2学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1. Cholinesterases;
2. The mode of action of glyphosate;
3. Experimental design of bioassays;
4. Resistance to pesticides.
教学要求：
1. Chemical classes of pesticide;
2. Mechanism of pesticide;
3. Bioassays methods.
本章重点、难点：
1. Mechanism of pesticide;
2. Bioassays methods.
第十九章 Pesticide Residues（讲课3学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1. Formulations and application of pesticide;
2. Pesticide residues in food and international trade;
3. Analytical methods of the pesticide residues.
教学要求：
1. Delivery of pesticides in agriculture and pesticide management in China;
2. Analysis method of the pesticide residues.
本章重点、难点：
1. Methods of the pesticide residues analysis.
第二十章 Pesticide Environment Safety and Human Health （讲课3学时；实验0学时）
教学内容：
1. Environmental fate of pesticides;
2. How and why pesticides affect human health.
教学要求：
1. Environmental fate of pesticides;
2. Pesticide safety evaluation.
本章重点、难点：
1. Environmental fate of pesticides;
2. Methods of pesticide safety evaluation.
四、考核方式及成绩评定
本课程的成绩将由平时成绩（考勤、课堂提问）、作业和期末考试成绩三部分组成，其中平时成绩占50%、考试成绩占50%；期末考试采用闭卷笔试。
五、教材及参考书目
教材：《植物保护专业英语》，朱家颖主编，中国林业出版社，2012年，标准书号：ISBN978-7-5038-6508-4。
参考书目：
1.《植物保护专业英语》，何月秋、尹新明主编，中国农业出版社，2008年，标准书号：ISBN 978-7-109-12032-7。
2.《植物保护专业英语教程》，程立生、蔡笃程主编，中国农业出版社，2012年，标准书号：ISBN 978-7-109-16460-4。
3.《农药专业英语》，骆焱平、符悦冠主编，化学工业出版社，2009 年，标准书号：ISBN 978-7-122-04413-6。
